Secara umum komunikasi dapat diartikan sebagai penyampaian informasi, ide atau gagasan atau perasaan dari seseorang kepada orang lain. Komunikasi disebut pula sebagai proses dialogis terus menerus diantara dua atau lebih orang yang menukarkan tanda-tanda demi suatu pengertuan dan pemahaman bersama.
Komunikasi mempunyai unsur-unsur yang membentuk keberlangsungan komunikasi dengan baik, yakni :
1) Komunikator
2) Komunikan
3) Pesan
4) Media atau saluran
5) Pengirim (encoding)
6) Penerima (deecoding)
7) Konteks atau latar belakang
8) Umpan balik (feedback)
Dalam berkomunikasi, seseorang dapat melakukan komunikasi dalam bentuk informasi komunikasi yang memberikan informasi secara umum, edukatif, stimulatif, dan persuasif. Komunikasi persuasif dilakukan untuk membujuk secara halus, melakukan ajakan dengan meyakinkan seseorang atau melakukan motivasi dan komunikasi ini biasanya memerlukan waktu yang cukup lama. Komunikasi lain yang juga biasa dilakukan adalah komunikasi instruktif yang berupa arahan, dan perintah yang berlangsung cepat dan efektif, namun terlihat otoriter.
Bentuk komunikasi dapat berwujud komunikasi verbal dan non verbal. Komunikasi verbal disampaikan kepada seseorang yang dipikirkan atau dikehendaki, membicarakan sesuatu atau untuk bertukar pikiran dalam bentuk komunikasi jarak jauh, melalui surat atau telepon. Komunikasi non verbal disampaikan melalui bahasa tubuh: tatapan mata, senyuman, belaian, ciuman dan sebagainya, dan komunikasi ini biasanya mengggunakan ekspresi atau mimik wajah.
Ada pula yang membagi komunikasi dalam bentuk komunikasi pribadi, komunikasi antar kelompok dan komunikasi masa. Komunikasi pribadi disebut komunikasi intra personal atau inter personal,. Komunikasi antar kelompok berlangsung antara komunikator dengan kelompok. Komunikasi masa dilakukan dengan menggunakan media, seperti radio, televisi, surat kabar, majalah, brosur dan sebagainya
Dalam berkomunikasi, dikembangkan model-model komunikasi tertentu. Berlo mengembangkan model komunikasi SCMR, yakni :
1) S = Sender (pengirim)
2) M = Message (pesan)
3) C = Channel (saluran)
4) R = Receiver (penerima)
Harold Lasswell mengembangkan model komunikasi lain dengan mengajukan beberapa pertanyaan sebagai berikut :
1) Dari siapa? (menganalisis komunikator)
2) Apa? (menganalisis isi)
3) Memakai saluran apa? (menganalisis media)
4) Kepada siapa? (menganalisis penerima)
5) Mengakibatkan apa? (mengalisis pengaruh)
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